Νέα στοιχεία για την ιστορική τοπογραφία της χερσονήσου της Κασσάνδρας (Χαλκιδικής)
Part of : Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και στη Θράκη ; 2009, pages 421-433
Issue:
Pages:
421-433
Parallel Title:
New evidence on the historical topography of Cassandra (Chalcidice)
Abstract:
Cassandra is the western peninsula of Chalcidice, inhabited to some extent from the Neolithic period. Its original name was Phlegra; it changed to Pallene during the Greek colonization and later, after the founding of Cassandreia in 316/5 B.C., to Cassandra. Archaeological research in the area started in the very beginning of the 20th century and its results, combined with the literary evidence, shed light mainly on the colonies founded by the Greeks of the south.The main focus of the project presented in this paper was to locate the sites of the area, to date them, to understand their characteristics and function and how they were related. The project focused in the Graeco - Roman period, extending from the period of the 1st colonization to the late antiquity. This time was divided into three main period:12th-348 B.C.The period of colonizations and independent colonies - city-states with their territory with villages and farmsteads. A few sanctuaries were also founded in the area (Poseidon in the chora of Mende, Dionysos in the chora of Aphytis, Artemis in the chora of Sane etc.). It was a time of prosperity and intense trade. The area suffered during the Persian and the Peloponnesian wars, which eventually exhausted the cities economically and led them to decline. In the middle of the 4th century Philip of Macedon conquered the area. He destroyed or plundered the cities which continued to exist until the end of the century. 348-168 B.C.Period of Macedonian conquest. Cassandreia, the administrative and economic centre of the peninsula was founded in 316/5 B.C. and obviously meant the end of the city-states. Cassandreia remained the only city of the area, while fortifications, fortified villages and farmsteads appeared the whole peninsula, in order to meet the needs of organization and exploitation of the land. On the other hand, the founding of fortifications at strategic positions (Solenas near Ka- llithea, Lekane near Phourka etc.) were necessary for the protection of the area and suggest a period of constant warfare and insecurity.168 B.C.-Late antiquityThe defeat of the Macedonians by the Romans in 168 B.C. and the transformation of Macedonia into a Roman province in 148 B.C. resulted in changes.Cassandreia remained the economic and administrative centre and became a “free city” which accommodated Roman citizens. On the other hand, a large number of small villages and farmsteads with large landed estates are found dispersed all over the landscape, by the sea and far from it. Most of them date in the 2nd century A.D. and afterwards implying evidence on intensification in agriculture and economic growth until the second half of the 3rd century, probably the invasion of the Goths in 268 A.D. Another characteristic find of this period are the kilns by the sea, suggesting wine or oil trade.
Subject:
Subject (LC):
Keywords:
Χαλκιδική
Notes:
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