Determinants of maternal healthcare utilization in Zimbabwe

Part of : International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research ; Vol.5, No.2, 2012, pages 145-162

Issue:
Pages:
145-162
Author:
Abstract:
Zimbabwe and other developing countries struggle to achieve millennium development goals originally set for 2015. To assist health policy making, there was an investigation of how demographic, socioeconomic and cultural factors determine maternal healthcare services use in Zimbabwe. A logistic model for four different maternal healthcare services using data from the 2005/6 Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey was estimated. Secondary education increases the odds of use of maternal health services by at least 2 times at 1 percent level of significance whilst access to information increases the odds by 1.52 at the 5 percent level of significance. Women in urban areas are more likely to give birth at healthcare facilities OR 3.49 compared to their rural counterparts at 1 percent significance level. Women from highest income households are more likely to give birth at health facilities than those from poorest households OR 6.44 at 1 percent level of significance whilst the pattern is consistent for other services as well. Other important determinants are age, education, wealth, polygamy and religious affiliation. Generally, policy makers have to appreciate that these factors affect different maternal health services differently. Consequently, strategies to improve the uptake of maternal healthcare like mass media and health workers, particularly for disadvantaged sections of the population like rural areas and the uneducated, should be targeted at specific components rather than planning umbrella strategies.
Subject:
Subject (LC):
Keywords:
utilisation, maternal healthcare, millennium development goals, Zimbabwe
Notes:
Περιέχει πίνακες και βιβλιογραφία, JEL classification: 110,118,119
References (1):
  1. AbouZahr, C. and Wardlaw, T, 2003, ‘Antenatal Care in Developing Countries’, WHO,GenevaAgboolah AR, 2009, Utilization of Antenatal care services in Atwima Nwabiagya District,Masters Degree Thesis, University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaBorghi, J., Ensor, T., Somanathan, A., Lissner, C. and Mills, A., 2006, ‘Mobilising financialresources for maternal health’, The Lancet 368:1457-65, Published on line September26, pp. 51-59.Boyle M.H., Racine Y., Georgiades K., Snelling D., Hong S., Omariba W., Hurley P. andRao-Melacini R, 2006, ‘The influence of economic development level, householdwealth and maternal education on child health in the developing world’, Social ScienceandMedicine, 63, 8, pp. 2242- 2254.Brazier E., Andrzejewski C., Perkins M.E., Themmen E.M., Knight R.J. and Bassane B.,(2009), ‘Improving poor women’s access to maternity care: Findings from a primarycare intervention in Burkina Faso’, Social Science and Medicine, 69, 5, pp. 682- 690.Carr, D., 2004, ‘Improving The Health Of The World’s Poorest People’, Health Bulletin 1,Population Reference Bureau, Washington.Castro-Leal, F., Dayton, J., Demery, L. and Mehra, K., 2000, ‘Public Spending on Healthcare In Africa: Do The Poor Benefit?’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization,Geneva, 78, 1, pp. 66-74Central Statistical Office (CSO) [Zimbabwe] and Macro International Inc., 2007, ZimbabweDemographic and Health Survey 2005-06. Calverton, Maryland: CSO and MacroInternational Inc.Elo, I.T., 1992, ‘Utilization of maternal health care services in Peru: The role of women'seducation’, Health Transitions Review, 2, 1, pp. 1-20Filippi, V., Ronsmans, C., Campbell, O.M.R et al., 2006, ‘Maternal health in poor countries:the broader context and a call for action’, The Lancet, published online Sept 28, pp. 60-66Gisselmann MD., 2006, ‘The influence of maternal childhood and adulthood social classon the health of the infant’, Social Science and Medicine, 63, 4, pp. 1023-1033Govindasamy, P. and Ramesh, B., 1997, ‘Maternal Education and The Utilization OfMaternal and Child Health Services In India’, National Family Health Survey SubjectReports, Number 5, pp. 3-27Grossman, M., 2000, ‘Chapter 7: The Human Capital Model’, in: AJ. Culyer and J.p.Newhouse, eds., Handbook Of Health Economics, 1, 1, pp. 347-408.Gwatkin, D.R., Rutstein, S., Johnson, K., Suliman, A.E. and Wagstaff, A., 2003, ‘Initialcountry- Level Information About Socioeconomic Differences in Health’, Nutrition,and Population, 1 and 2, WashingtonHulton L.A., Matthews Z. and Stones RW., (2007), ‘Applying a framework for assessingthe quality of maternal health services in urban India’, Social Science and Medicine, 64,10, pp. 2083-2095.Karim AM, Betemariam W, Yalew S, Alemu H, Carnell M, Mekonnen Y., 2010, ‘Programmatic correlates of maternal healthcare seeking behaviors in Ethiopia’,Ethiopia Journal of Health Development 24 Special Issue 1Kistiana S, 2009, Socio-economic and demographic determinants of maternal health careutilization in Indonesia, Masters Degree Thesis, The Flinders University of SouthAustralia, AdelaideLindelow, M., 2002, ‘Health Care Demand In Rural Mozambique, Evidence From The1996/7 Household Survey’, Food Consumption and Nutrition Division, DiscussionPaper NO. 126, WashingtonLindstrom D.P., Munoz-Franco E., 2006, ‘Migration and maternal health services utilizationinrural Guatemala’, Social Science and Medicine, 63, 3, pp. 706-721Lubbock LA, Stephenson RB., 2008, ‘Utilization of maternal health care services in thedepartment of Matagalpa, Nicaragua’. Rev Panam Salud Publica, 24, 2, pp. 75-84.Magadi, M.A., Agwanda A.O. and Obare F.O., 2007, ‘A comparative analysis of the use ofmaternal health services between teenagers and older mothers in sub-Saharan Africa:Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) ’, Social Science & Medicine,64, 6, pp.1311-1325Magadi, M., Rodrigues, R. and Madise, N., 1999, ‘Variations in Antenatal Care BetweenWomen of Different Communities in Kenya’, APHRC Working Papers, Series No. 14accessed on line at http//:pop.pdf on 11 November 200McTavish S., Moore S., Harper S. and Lynch J., 2011, ‘National female literacy, individualsocio-economic status, and maternal health care use in sub-Saharan Africa ’, SocialScience & Medicine, 72, 3 , pp. 1958-1963Mekonnen, Y. and Mekonnen A., 2002, ‘Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services inEthiopia’.ORCMacro, Calverton, Maryland, USA.Ministry of Health and Child Welfare Zimbabwe (MHCWZ), 1999, National HealthStrategy for Zimbabwe 1997-2007. Harare: Government Printer, pp. 54-56Navaneetham K., and Dharmalingam, A., 2000, ‘Utilization of Maternal Healthcareservices in South India’, Presented in Faculty Seminar at the Centre for DevelopmentStudies, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala on March 31, 2000. pp. 1-40Odwee, J., Okurut, F. and Adebua, A., 2006, ‘The determinants Of Health Care In Uganda:The Case Study Of Lira District, Northern Uganda’. Research Paper No. 155. AfricaEconomic Research Consortium, Nairobi.Onah H.E., Ikeako L.C. and Iloabachie G.C., 2006, ‘Factors associated with the use ofmaternity services in Enugu, southeastern Nigeria’, Social Science and Medicine , 63,7,pp. 1870-1878.Peabody J. W., Nordyke R.J., Tozija F., Luck J., Munoz J.A., Sunderland A., DeSalvo K., PonceN. and McCulloch C., 2006, ‘Quality of care and its impact on population health: A cross-sectional study from Macedonia’, Social Science and Medicine, 62,9, pp. 2216-2224.Sarma, S. and Rempel, H., 2007, ‘Household decisions to utilize maternal healthcare inrural and urban India’, World Health and Population. World Health & Population, 9, 1,2007, pp. 24-45.Seiber, EE., Hotchkiss, DR., Rous, JJ. and Berruti, AA., 2005, ‘Maternal and childhealth and family planning service utilization in Guatemala: implications for serviceintegration’, Social Science and Medicine, 61, 2, pp. 271-291.Stephenson, R., Baschieri, A., Clements, S. et al., 2006, ‘Contextual Influences On The UseOf Health Facilities For Childbirth In Africa’, America Journal Of Public Health, 96,1, pp. 84-92.Sunil, T.S., Rajaram, S., Zottarelli, L.K., 2006, ‘Do individual and program factors matterin the utilization of maternal care services in rural India? A theoretical approach’, SocialScience and Medicine, 62, 8, pp. 1943- 1957Thomas, D. and Strauss, J., 1997, ‘Health and wages: evidence on men and women inurban Brazil ’, Journal Of Econometrics, 77, 1, pp. 159-85.United Nations, 2007, ‘Births attended by skilled personnel in Zimbabwe’, http://www .indexmundi.com/zimbabwe/births-attended-by-skilled-health-personnel,-percentage,html, (accessed 23/11/2010)Valadez, JJ., Hage, J. and Vargas, W., 2005, ‘Understanding the relationship of maternalhealth behavior change and intervention strategies in a Nicaraguan NGO network ’Social Science and Medicine, 61, 6, pp. 1356-1368WHO, 2004, ‘WHO Statistics ’, http://www.who.int/whosis/en/, (accessed 07/11/2007)WHO, 2005, The World Health Report 2005, Geneva, pp. 21-38, World Health OrganizationWHO, 200), The World Health Report 2007, Geneva, pp. 21-38, World Health Organization.