A pilot person-centred group counselling for university students : effects on social anxiety and self-esteem

Part of : Hellenic journal of psychology ; Vol.9, No.3, 2012, pages 222-239

Issue:
Pages:
222-239
Author:
Abstract:
The Person-Centred Approach (PCA) has been effectively used with clients experiencing a variety of emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression. However, a study investigating the effectiveness of PC group work with individuals experiencing social anxiety symptoms is currently lacking. Thirteen university students were pre-tested with the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (BFNE-R) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale (RSE), and then participated in a ten-week PC group counselling intervention. At the conclusion of the intervention, they repeated the same measurement and identified the aspects of the group experience that had any impact on them. They were also followed up six months later. Results are mixed regarding the quantitative and qualitative data. Implications for the treatment of social anxiety and future research are briefly discussed.
Subject:
Subject (LC):
Keywords:
group counselling, person-centred, self-esteem, social anxiety, university students
Notes:
Περιέχει πίνακες και βιβλιογραφία, Special issue: Current issues in person-centred counselling
References (1):
  1. Alden, L. E., & Taylor, C. T. (2004). Interpersonal process in social phobia. ClinicalPsychology Review, 24, 857-882.American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mentaldisorders (3rd ed.).Washington, DC: Author.American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mentaldisorders (4th ed., Text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.Arkowitz, H., Hinton, R., Perl, J., & Himadi, W. (1978). Treatment strategies for datinganxiety in college men based on real-life practice. Counseling Psychologist, 7, 41-46.Beck, A. T., Emery, G., & Greenberg, R. L. (1985). Anxiety disorders and phobias: a cognitiveperspective. New York: Harper Collins.Bella, T. T., & Omigbodun, O. (2009). Social phobia in Nigerian university students:prevalence, correlates and co-morbidity. Social psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology,44, 458-463.Belzer, K. D., McKee, M. B., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2005). Social anxiety disorder: Currentperspectives on diagnosis and treatment. Primary Psychiatry, 12, 35-48.Bienvenu, O. J., Brown, C., Samuels, J. F., Liang, K. Y., Costa, P. T., Eaton, W. W., &Nestadt, G. (2001). Normal personality traits and comorbidity among phobic, panic andmajor depressive disorders. Psychiatry Research, 102, 73 -85.Brouzos, A. (2004). Person-centred counselling: Theory, research, and applications. Athens:Typotheto [in Greek].Bryant, B., & Trower, P. E. (1974). Social difficulty in a student sample. British Journal ofEducational Psychology, 44, 13-21.Buddenbaum, J. M., & Novak, K. B. (2001). Applied communication research. Ames, Iowa:Iowa State University Press.Burke, R, S., & Stephens, R. S. (1999). Social anxiety and drinking in college students: Asocial cognitive theory analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 513-530.Burlingame, G. M., Fuhriman, A. J., & Johnson, J. (2004). Process and outcome in groupcounseling and psychotherapy: A perspective. In J. L. Delucia-Waack, D. A. Geritty, C.R. Kalodner, & M. T. Riva (Eds.), Handbook of Group Counseling and Psychotherapy (pp.49-61). Thousand Oaks ,CA: Sage.Bruch, M., Kaflowitz, N., & Pearl, L. (1988). Mediated and nonmediated relationships ofpersonality components to loneliness. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6, 346-355.Carleton, N. R., McCreary, D. R., Norton, P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2006). Brief fear ofnegative evaluation scale-revised. Depression and Anxiety, 23, 297-303.Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. Heimberg, M.Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social Phobia: diagnosis, assessment andtreatment (pp. 69-93). New York: Guilford Press.Cooper, M., Rowland, N., McArthur, K., Pattison, S., Cromarty, K., & Richards, K. (2010).Randomised control trial for school-based humanistic counselling for emotional distressin young people: Feasibility study and preliminary indications of efficacy. Child andAdolescence Psychiatry and Mental Health, 4. Retrieved December 7, 2011 fromwww.capmh.com/content/4/1/12/abstractCorey, M. S., & Corey, G. (2006). Groups: Process and Practice (7th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA:Brooks/Cole.Coryn, C. L. S., & Hobson, K. A. (2011). Using nonequivalent dependent variables to reduceinternal validity threats in quasi-experiments: Rationale, history, and examples frompractice. New Directions for Evaluation, 131, 31-39.Cuming, S., & Rapee, R. M. (2010). Social anxiety and self-protective communication style inclose relationships. Behavior Research and Therapy, 48, 87-96.DeLucia-Waack, J. L. (2006). Leading psychoeducational groups for children and adolescents.Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.DeLucia-Waack, J. L., & Bridbord, K. H. (2004). Measures of group process, dynamics,climate, leadership behaviors, and therapeutic factors. In J. L. Delucia-Waack, D. A.Geritty, C. R. Kalodner, & M. T. Riva (Eds.), Handbook of group counseling andpsychotherapy (pp. 120-136). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Fleming, J. S., & Courtney, B. E. (1984). The dimensionality of self-esteem. II: Hierarchicalfacet model for revised measurement scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,46, 404-421.Furmark, T., Tillfors, M., Everz, P-O., Marteinsdottir, I., Gefvert, O., & Fredrikson, M.(1999). Social phobia in the general population: prevalence and sociodemographicprofile. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34, 416-424.Gladding, S. T. (2012). Groups: A counseling specialty (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ:Pearson.Kivlighan, D. M., & Goldfine, D. C. (1991). Endorsement of therapeutic factors as a functionof stage of group development and participant interpersonal attitudes. Journal ofCounseling Psychology, 38, 150-158.Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality andSocial Psychology Bulletin, 9, 371-375.Liakos, A., & Giannitsi, S. (1984). The validity of the revised Greek Spielberger State TrainAnxiety Inventory. Encefalos, 21, 71-76 (in Greek).Liebowitz, M. R., Gorman, J. M., Fyer, A. J., & Klein, D. F. (1985). Social phobia: review of aneglected anxiety disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 729-736.Macklem, G. L. (2011). Evidence-based school mental health services: Affect education,emotion regulation training, and cognitive behavioral therapy. New York: Springer.Mearns, D., & Thorne, B. (1988). Person-centred counselling in action. London: Sage.Pollard, C. A., & Henderson, J. G. (1988). Four types of social phobia in a communitysample. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 176, 440-445.Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapists' view of psychotherapy. Boston:Houghton Mifflin.Rogers, C. R. (1970). On Encounter Groups. New York: Harper & Row.Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: PrincetonUniversity Press.Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1982). Social anxiety and self-presentation: Aconceptualization and model. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 641-669.Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manualfor the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Tursi, M. M., & McCulloch, L. A. (2004). A person-centred approach to individualsexperiencing depression and anxiety. The Person-Centred Journal, 11, 71-75.Yalom, I. D. (2006). Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy. Athens: Agra [in Greek].Vassilopoulos, S. P., Koutsopoulou, I., & Regli, D. (2011). Psychoeducational groups forchildren: Theory and Practice. Athens: Grigoris [in Greek].Woody, S. R., & Adessky, R. S. (2002). Therapeutic alliance, group cohesion, and homeworkcompliance during cognitive-behavioral group treatment of social phobia. BehaviorTherapy, 33, 5-27.