Financials menu at European restaurants

Part of : Tourismos : an international multidiciplinary journal of tourism ; Vol.7, No.2, 2012, pages 323-342

Issue:
Pages:
323-342
Section Title:
Research papers
Author:
Abstract:
This paper highlights the main profiles of SME’s (small and medium enterprises) financial structures, focusing particularly on hospitality and tourism. A sample of European hotels and restaurants is empirically investigated. Financial and accounting statements are analysed through comparisons between several European countries. Tourism is known to experience two different management issues: real estate and industry-specific management. Although they are very similar, tourism property management is strongly related to seasonality. The business cycle impact on financial structure is significant, and so does the effect on risk. Therefore, this research also investigates both short and long-term financing. The former needs specific control of cash inflows and outflows. It is necessary to deal with specific financial needs to set up specialized financing facilities. Seasonality also impacts on the financing cycle. Operation management is smoothed during overloaded periods by using various strategies. Additionally, cash flow management benefits from better financial forecasts.
Subject:
Subject (LC):
Keywords:
european tourism sector, financial structure, liquidity ratio, corporate finance, small medium enterprises
Notes:
Περιέχει σχήματα, πίνακες, βιβλιογραφία και παραρτήματα
References (1):
  1. Berger, A.N. & Udell, G.F. (1992). Some evidence on the empirical significance of credit rationing. Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 100, No.5, pp.1047-1077.Berger, A. & Udell, G. (1995). Relationship lending and lines of credit in small firm finance. Journal of Business, Vol. 68, No.3, pp.351-381.Berger, A.N. & Udell, G.F. (1998). The economics of small business finance: the role of private equity and debt markets in the financial growth cycle. Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 22, No.6.8, pp.613-673.Berger, A.N., Klapper, L.F. & Udell, G.F. (2001). The ability of banks to lend to informationally opaque small businesses. Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 25, No.12, pp.2127-2167.Berger, A.N., Saunders, A., Scalise, J.M. & Udell, G.F. (1998). The effects of bank mergers and acquisitions on small business lending. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 50, No.2, pp.187-229.BIS (2003). The new Basel capital accord. Consultative document. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.Carpenter, R.E. & Petersen, B.C. (2002). Is the growth of small firms constrained by internal finance? The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 84, No.2, pp.289-309.Degryse, H. & Van Cayseele, P. (2000). Relationship lending within a bank-based system: evidence from European small business data. Journal of Financial Intermediation, Vol. 9, No.1, pp.90-109.Desai, M., Gompers, P. & Lerner, J. (2003). Institutions, capital constraints and entrepreneurial firm dinamics: Evidence from Europe. Working paper, National Bureau of Economic Research, No.10165.Detragiache, E., Garella P. & Guiso L. (2000). Multiple versus single banking relationships: theory and evidence. The Journal of Finance, Vol. 55, No.3, pp.1133-1161.Frame, W.C., Srinivasan A. & Woosley, L. (2001). The effect of credit scoring on small-business lending. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, Vol. 33, No.3, pp.813-825.Guiso, L. (2003). Small business finance in Italy. EIB Papers, Vol.8, No.3, pp.121-149.Hommel, U. & Schneider, H. (2003). Financing the German Mittelstand. EIB Papers, Vol. 8, No.2, pp51-91.Jappelli, T. & Pagano, M. (2002). Information sharing, lending and defaults: cross-country evidence. Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 26, No.10, pp.2017-2045.Marino, A. (2010). The tourist sector: Italian experience. Tourismos, Vol. 5, No.2, pp.15-27.Modigliani, F. & Miller, M.H. (1958). The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment. American Economic Review, Vol. 48, No.3, pp.261-297.Nilsen, J.H. (2002). Trade credit and the bank lending channel. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, Vol. 34, No.1, pp.226-253.Pavlatos, O. & Paggios, I. (2007). Cost accounting in Greek hotel and enterprises: en empirical aproach. Tourismos, Vol. 2, No.2, pp.39-59.Petersen, B. & Rajan, R. (1994). The benefits of lending relationships: evidence from small business data. Journal of Finance, Vol. 49, No.1, pp.3-37.Petersen, M. & Rajan, R. (2002). Does distance still matter? The information revolution in small business lending. Journal of Finance, Vol. 57, No.6, pp.2533-2570.Pranic, L. Ketkar, S. & Roehl W.S. (2011). The impact of macroeconomic country-specific factors on internacional expansion of US hotel chains. Tourismos, Vol. 6, No.2, pp.33-51.Psillakis, Z. Panagopoulus, A. & Kanellopoulos, D. (2009). Low cost inferential forecasting and tourism demand in accommodation industry. Tourismos, Vol. 4, No.2, pp.47-68.Sainaghi, R. & Canali, S. (2011). Exploring the effect of determination’s positioning on hotel’s performance: the Milan case. Tourismos, Vol. 6, No.2, pp.121-138.Sharpe, S. (1990). Asymmetric information, bank lending and implicit contracts: a stylized model of customer relationships Journal of Finance, Vol. 45, No.4, pp.1069-1087.Sheel, A. (1994). Determinants of capital structure choice and empirics on leverage behaviour: a comparative analysis of hotel and manufacturing firms. Hospitality Research Journal, Vol. 17, No.3, pp.3–16.Stiglitz, J. & Weiss, A. (1981). Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information American Economic Review, Vol. 71, No.3, pp.912-927.Such Devesa, M.J., Esteban, L.P. & Martínez, A.G. (2009). The financial structure of the Spanish hotel industry: evidence from cluster analysis. Tourism Economics, Vol. 15, No.1, pp.121-138.Wagenvoort, R. (2003). Are finance constraints hindering the growth of SMEs in Europe? EIB Papers, Vol. 8, No.2, pp.22-51.Wagenvoort, R. (2003). SME finance in Europe: introduction and overview, EIB Papers, Vol. 8, No.2, pp.10-21.Wagenvoort, R. & Hurst, C. (1999). How well do European loan markets work? Some insights from the financial structure of SMEs in three countries EIB Papers, Vol. 4, No.2, pp.64-86.Zounta, S. & Bekiaris, M.G. (2009). Cost-based management and decision making in Greek luxury hotels. Tourismos, Vol. 4, No.3, pp.205-225.