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Excavation of the Minoan settlement at Trianda on Rhodes : (Figs 1-20; Pis 49-86)

• Παπάζογλου-Μανιουδάκη, Λένα

The Minoan settlement at lalysos (Trianda) extends over a wide coastal plain in the fertile northeastern part of the island, close to the modern village of Trianda. About 1000 m northwest of it are the hills of Makra Vounara and Moschou Vounara with the Mycenaean cemeteries of Ialysos. The Minoan settlement was first found by the Italians (1935-1936), and excavation revealed three successive building phases, which were finally dated by A. Furumark (1950).The recent excavation on the G. Theoharis building lot (Leoforos Rodou - lalysou 21) in 1978-1980 covered an area of ca 360 sq.m, and reached bedrock in places. The successive habitation phases were labelled Trianda I, II, IIIA and B, and an attempt was made on the basis of the new material to dale them and correlate them with the corresponding levels in the Italian excavations.Trianda I. The sounding was confined to the eastern part of the excavation and revealed wall foundations resting on the sandy bedrock. The fragmentary pottery, comprising local one- handled unpainted cups with ribbon handles, carinated cups, small beaked and pinched-mouth jugs, and a jug neck with light on dark decoration, dates this phase to the MM III period.Trianda II. The sounding extended chiefly over the southeastern part of the excavations, in the area of the later courtyard. Wall foundations belonging to two building phases were found. Trianda II was destroyed by a great fire, perhaps the aftermath of an earthquake. Immediately after the destruction the ruins were covered by a layer of volcanic tephra 10-12 cm thick. An analysis of samples of the tephra by Professor J. Keller showed that it was the same as the tephra that buried the settlement on Akrotiri, Thera, and which was carried to Rhodes by strong northwesterly winds. The pottery found sealed beneath the tephra has the characteristic LM IA decoration (reeds, spirals, ripple pattern) and dates the destruction to the LM IA period.Trianda IIIA-B. The great catastrophe that destroyed Trianda II did not apparently prove fatal to the settlement, at least in this particular part of it. In a short space of time the inhabitants rebuilt it to a new plan on top of the ruins of the previous buildings and the tephra. The excavation evidence and the finds suggest an equation between the IIIA-B phases of the excavation in the G. Theoharis lot and the IIA-IIB of the Italian excavation.Part of a large building with a series of rooms set around a courtyard was excavated. The excavation of the rooms is not yet completed. Only parts of the west and north wings have been cleared. In the west wing, at least, there was an upper floor reached by a wooden stairway. In the IIIB period repairs were made to the walls destroyed by the earthquake and new rooms were added to the courtyard.Much pottery was found in the large rooms I and II of the west wing together with loom weights and stone tools, indicating that they were workshops. Room IX was particularly interesting with its solid pebble floor, stone-built base and the triton shell found in it.In the north wing clay wheels and weights were found in rooms XI and XII, and the large room XIII was a storeroom for pithoi and smaller vessels.The pottery was common to both phases IIIA and B, since the finds were from the whole final abandonment level of the settlement. Its chief features are:1. The presence of MM III type light on dark ware, which is known to have also been made in the LM I period on Kos, principally, and in western Anatolia.2. The survival of LM IA decorative motifs (plant motifs, spirals, etc.), which are characteristic of Minoan provincial centres.3. The presence of LM IB and particularly LH IIA and LH IIB pottery while there is very little LM II-LH ΠΙΑ 1 pottery.The plain household ware has a largely Minoan character with few exceptions. A very few metal, clay and stone objects, faience fragments and small pieces of fresco were found in the excavation. Part of aO type figurine came from a surface collection near the excavation. The excavation evidence and the finds from the G. Theoharis lot indicate that the house was abandoned towards the end of the 15th c. BC, and the torrential rains on Rhodes covered the ruins with sedimentary deposits. Later habitation on the same spot has not been noted up to the present day, and the Mycenaean settlement at Ialysos must therefore be looked for elsewhere.

• History and Archaeology

• Αρχαιολογία
• Excavations (Archaeology)

Περιέχει 20 σχέδια και συντομογραφίες. Πίνακες 49-86 βλέπε τέλος τεύχους, Η αρθρογράφος ευχαριστεί θερμά τον καθηγητή Χρ. Ντούμα για την παραχώρηση της μελέτης της ανασκαφής και τους Εφόρους Αρχαιοτήτων Δωδεκανήσου Ηώ Ζερβουδάκη και Γ. Παπαχριστοδοΰλου για τη συμπαράστασή τους. Ο καθηγητής Χρ. Ντούμας και η Έφορος Αρχαιοτήτων Κ. Δημακοπούλου-Παπαντωνίου πρόσφεραν πολύτιμες υποδείξεις στο αρχικό χειρόγραφο της μελέτης. Η καθηγήτρια G. Walberg και ο Dr. Ο. Dickinson συζήτησαν μαζί της ορισμένα θέματα της κεραμικής. Τα σχέδια της ανασκαφής και των αγγείων έγιναν από το σχεδιαστή Γ. Κιάσσα αλλά η τελική μορφή τους οφείλεται στον αρχιτέκτονα Α. Μανιουδάκη. Οι φωτογραφίες της ανασκαφής έγιναν από την υπογράφουσα και των ευρημάτων από τον Α. Μανιουδάκη. Τους ευχαριστεί όλους θερμά., Το άρθρο περιέχεται στο τεύχος: Μέρος Α'-Μελέτες