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Articles

• Afifi, Hala, A.M.

Some cartonnage fragments from Hawara, Fayoum Excavation were examined to identify pigments, media and grounds. It belonged to the Greek‐Roman period. They were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X ray analysis (EDS) equipped with Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These techniques were used to identify the composition and morphology of grounds, nature of pigments and media used in cartonnagefragments. The coarse ground layer was composed of calcite and traces of quartz. The fine ground layer used under the pigments directly was composed of calcite only. Carbon black was used as black pigment while lead oxide as red pigment, showing the influence of Roman and Greek pigments on Egyptian art in these later periods. Blue colorant was identified as cuprorivaite and yellow pigment was goethite. Animal glue was used in the four pigments as medium colored.

• History and Archaeology
• Chemical sciences

• Αρχαιολογία

Fayoum , Hawara, Cartonnage, Pigments, FTIR

The author gratefully acknowledges the help of the Egyptian‐polish excavation members. The help of Prof. Dr. Alla El Dien Shaheen previous Dean of Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University and Prof. Dr. Mohamed Abd El Hady Prof. of Conservation and Restoration monuments in Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University was invaluable for helpful discussions., Corresponding author: halaafifi11@hotmail.com