X-ray diffraction and x-ray fluorescence analysis of pottery shards from new archaeological survey in south region of Sistan, Iran
Part of : Mediterranean archaeology & archaeometry : international journal ; Vol.15, No.3, 2015, pages 45-56
Issue:
Pages:
45-56
Author:
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to determine whether pottery shards from new archaeological survey in south region of Sistan are locally made or imported. Many artefacts especially pottery shards have been found during the archaeological survey. These pottery shards are variable in color; from buff, grey, black, and red. The analytical techniques involved X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), that were applied to determine the major and trace elements and also the mineral content of the pottery shards. The results show that most of the pottery shards taken from archaeological survey in Sistan are locally made. Two of the samples from Islamic Period however shows a different content of chemical composition compared to other shards suggesting a different that Sistan origin. A prehistoric shard also shows a different in chemical composition and not originated from Sistan area. The analysis of pottery shards indicate that since prehistoric period, there has been a local production and trade activity in Sintan that continues until the Islamic Period. Result of the analysis also shows that local community at Sistan since prehistoric period are very skilful and keep a tradition in pottery making until Islamic Period.
Subject:
Subject (LC):
Keywords:
Sistan, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), pottery, Shahr-I Sokhta, Iran
Notes:
Corresponding author: Hossein Sarhaddi-Dadian (Hossein.Sarhaddi@gmail.com)
References (1):
- Alden, J.R.. (1982): Trade and Politics in Proto-Elamite Iran. Current Anthropology 23: 613-40.Bater, M. (2010): Structural Studied of Fresco Pigments of Period Parti in Kuh-E Khwaja of Sistan. IranianJournal of Crystallography & Mineralogy 18, no. 3Bieber, A. M. Jr., D.W. Brooks, G. Harbottle, and E.V. Sayre. (1976): Application of multivariate techniques toanalytical data on Aegean ceramics, Archaeometry, 18: 59–74.Biscione, R. (1987): The Elusive Phase 2 of Shahr-I Sokhta Sequence. South Asian Archaeology (1987): 391-409.Broekmans, T., A. Adriaens, and E. Pantos. (2008): Insights into the production technology of north MesopotamianBronze Age pottery, Applied Physics A, 90: 35–42Chavalas, M. W. (1999): Ancient Persia from 550 BC to 650 AD. History: Reviews of New Books 27, no. 2: 88-88.Dales, G. F. (1977): New Excavations at Nad-I Ali (Sorkh Dagh), Afghanistan. Center for South and SoutheastAsia Studies, University of California,.Genito, B. (1990): The Most Frequent Tyoes at Dahan-E Gholaman (Sistan) and Their Spatial Variability. InSouth Asian Archaeology, 588-601,Ghanimati, S. (2000): New Perspectives on the Chronological and Functional Horizons of Kuh-E Khwaja inSistan. Iran 38: 137-50.Golombek, L. (2003): The Safavid Ceramic Industry at Kirman. Iran 41: 253-70.Haerinck, E. (1980): Twinspouted Vessels and Their Distribution in the near East from the Achaemenian tothe Sasanian Periods. Iran 18: 43-54.Lane, A.. "Early Islamic Pottery (1947): The Bernard Rackham Collection. Bernard Rackham was Keeper of the Departmentof Ceramics at the Victoria and Albert Museum from 1914 to 1938. The Bernard Rackham Collectionconsists of 68 books from his private library, some of which contain loose archive material such as lettersand associated personal papers. The collection was given to Cardiff School of Art and Design as a series ofdonations from Bernard Rackham’s family over a six year period from 2002 to 2008.Lane, A. (1948): Late Islamic Pottey Persian, Syria, Egypt, Turkey. London: Faber and Faber.Lashkari, H., Seyed Moosavi, A., and Delavrav R. S. (2012): The Role of Natural, Historical, and CulturalPlaces of Sistan in Attracting Tourists. Journal of American Science 8, no. 11Bruno Genito (2010): The Achaemenid Empire as Seen as from Its Eastern Periphery: The Case of Dahan-IGhulaman in Sistan. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of theArchaeology of the Ancient Near EastMarghussian, A.K., H. Fazeli, & H. Sarpoolaky. (2009): Chemical–mineralogical analyses and microstructuralstudies of prehistoric pottery from Rahmatabad, south-west Iran. Archaeometry 51(5): 733-747Mehrafarin, R., and S.R.M. Haji (2010): In Search of Ram Shahrestan the Capital of the Sistan Province in theSassanid Era. Central Asiatic journal 54, no. 2: 256-72.Mehrafarin, R., and S. A. Mousavi Haji. (2012): The Results of Archaeological Surveys in Sistan. In 4th InternationalCongress of the Society of South Asia Archaeology, 15-17 April 2012- Zahedan, University of Sistan& Baluchestan,Mehrafarin, R., Musavi Hadji, S.R. and Feyz, S.A (2011): A Study of the Ceramics of East Iran during the LaterParthian Era with Special Reference to Tapa Gowri. Central Asiatic journal 55, no. 2: 240-58.Moradi, H., Sarhaddi-Dadian, H. & Rahman, N. H. S. N. A. (2014): Development and Decline of the BampurValley, Based on the New Archaeological Evidence from Prehistoric Period. Iranian Studies, 47, no2: 263-287.Moradi, H., Dadian, H. S., Soltani, M., Rahman, N. H. S. N. A., & Chang, B. O. (2013b). Study and TypologicalComparison of Petroglyphs in the Marzbanik Valley, Baluchestan, Iran. Time and Mind, 6, no 3:331-349.Moradi, H. Hossein Sarhaddi Dadian, H. Zuliskandar R and Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abdul Rahman.(2013a): Compositional Analysis of the Pottery Shards of Shahr-I Sokhta, South Eastern Iran. ResearchJournal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 6(4): 654-659.Mousavi Haji, S. A., & Atai, M (2010): The Study of a Collection of Potteries Samples from Sistan [in Persian].Zahedan: The Organization of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism of Sistan and Baluchesan,Ramli, Z., N.H.S.N.A. Rahman and A.L. Samian. (2011): X-ray fluorescent analysis on Indo-Pacific glassbeads from Sungai Mas archaeological sites, Kedah, Malaysia. J. Radioanalytical Nuclear Chem.,227: 741-747. DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0920-yRamli, Z., N.H.S.N. Abdul Rahman, A. Jusoh and Y. Sauman. (2011): X-ray diffraction and x-ray fluorescentanalyses of prehistoric pottery shards from Ulu Kelantan. Am. J. Applied Sci., 8: 1337-1342.Ramli, Z., N.H.S.N.A. Rahman, A. Jusoh and M.Z. Hussein. (2012): Compositional analysis on ancient bricksfrom Candi Sungai Mas (Site 32/34), Bujang Valley, Kedah. Am. J. Applied Sci., 9: 196-201Sajjadi, SMS, and M. Casanova (2006): Sistan and Baluchistan Project 2005/2006. Iran: 347-57.Sajjadi, SMS, M. Casanova, L. Costantini, and KO Lorentz. (2008): Sistan and Baluchistan Project: Short Reportson the Tenth Campaign of Excavations at Shahr-I SokhtaIran: journal of the British Institute ofPersian Studies 46: 307.Salvatori, S., and M. Vidale. (1997): Shahr-I Sukhta 1975-1978: Central Quarters Excavations, Preliminary Report.Roma: Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente.Sarhaddi-Dadian, H. Morad, H. Soltani, M. (2015): Preliminary Study of Rock Art at Negaran Valley in Baluchistan,Iran. Rock Art Research 32, no. 2: 240-243.Sarhaddi-Dadian, H. (2013): Archaeology of Sistan, Iran during the Achaemenian Empire (from 550 Bc to 331Bc). National University of Malaysia, Ph.d Thesis.Sarhaddi-Dadian, H., N.H. Shuhaimi, and R. Mehrafarin. (2012): The Settlement Patterns of AcheamenianEmpire in Iranian’s Sistan (from 550 BC to 331 BC). In 4th International Congress of Society of SouthAsian Archaeology (4SOSAA).Scanlon, G.T. (1948): Mamluk Pottery: More Evidence from Fustat, In: Muqarnas Ii: An Animal on Islamic Art andArchitecture, Oleg Grabar (Ed). . New Haven Yale University Press.Scerrato, U. (1977): Evidence of Religious Life at Dahan-E Ghulaman, Sistan. South Asian Archaeology: 709-35.Scerrato, U (1966) "Excavations at Dahan-I Ghulaman (Seistan-Iran) First Preliminary Report (1962-1963)."East and West: 9-30.Tosi, M. (1983a): Excavations at Shahr-I Sokhta 1969-70. Prehistoric Sistan 1: 73-125.Tosi, M (1983b) Prehistoric Sistan. IsMEO,Vidale, M., and Tosi. M (1996): The Development of Wheel Throwing at Shahr-I Sokhta Slow and Fast RevolutionsTowards Statehood. East and West 46, no. 3/4: 251-69.Wong, E.H, C.A. Petrie, & H. Fazeli. (2010): Cheshmeh Ali ware: a petrographic and geochemical study of atransitional halcolithic period ceramic industry on the northern central plateau of Iran. Iran XLVII:11-26Zuliskandar R and Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abdul Rahman. (2013): Composition Analysis of AncientBricks, Candi Bukit Kechil, BUjang Valley, Kedah. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineeringand Technology 6(5): 924-930Zuliskandar R, Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abd. Rahman, Abdul Latif S and Mohd Ambar Y. (2013): X-RayDiffraction and X-Ray Flourescence of Ancient Bricks of Candi Bukit Pendiat (Site 17), Bujang Valley,Kedah. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 6(06): 1094-1100.
