19-31

• Kakish, Randa

Marking bread was an old practice performed in different parts of the old world. It was done for religious, magical, economic and identification purposes. Bread stamps differ from other groups of stamps. Accordingly, the aim of this article is to identify such stamps, displayed or stored, in a number of Jordanian Archaeological Museums. A collection of twelve ancient bread stamps were identified and studied. Two of the stamps were of unknown provenance while the others came from al-Shuneh, Dhiban, Khirbet an-Nawafla, Abu-Sido and Jerash. The stamps are presented according to their museum collection since a chronological classification could not be achieved due to the fact that the majority of the stamps were purchased from antiquities dealers.

• History and Archaeology

• Αρχαιολογία

stamps, bread stamps, Jordan, archaeological

Περιέχει 25 εικόνες.

1. Aitken, M.J., Allsop, A.L., Bussell, G.D., Liritzis, Y. and Winter, M.B. (1989) Geomagnetic intensity measurements using bricks from Greek churches of first and second millenia AD. Archaeometry, 31, 1, 77-87.Aesop (1998) The Complete Fables. Translated by Robert and Olivia Temple. Peguin Classics, London.F. (2002) Lugoz Ashtar. 8th edition , Dar Ala Al-Deen , Damascus.Amr, K., Mumani, A., Nawafleh, N., Nawafleh, S. ( 2000) Summary Results of the ArchaeologicalProject at Khirbat an – Nawafla /Wadi Musa. Annual of the Departmentof Antiquities of Jordan, vol. XLIV, 231-255.Avi-Yonah, M. (1981) Art in Ancient Palestine. Magnes Press, Hebrew University, Jerusalem.Bagatti, B. (2001) Ancient Christian Villages of Galilee. Translated by Paul Rotondi, Studium Biblicum Franciscanum , Jerusalem.Canaan, T. (1962) Superstition And Folklore About Bread. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no.167, 36- 47.Canova, R. (1954) Iscrizioni E Monumenti Protocristiani Del Paese Di Moab. Pontificio Isti-tuto Di Archeologia Cristiana , Roma.Caseau, B. (2009) Magical Protection and Stamps in Byzantium, in Seals and Sealing Practices in the Neareast Developments in Administration and Magic from Prehistory to the Islamic Period– Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta, 219, 115-133.Cotsonis, J. and Kouroumali, M. (2012) Greek, Roman and Byzantine Objects from Archbishop Iakovos collection Brookline,MA.Daviau, M. and Dion, P-E, (2002) Economy-Related Finds from Khirbat al-Mudayna (Wadiath-Thamad, Jordan). American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 328, 31-48.Edelstein, L. (ed.) (1998) Asclepius: Collection and Interpretations of the Testimonies, vol.1.Johns Hopkins University Press, London.Feig, N. (1994) A Byzantine Bread Stamp from Tiberias". Liber Annuus, 44, 591-594.Galavaris, G. (1970) Bread and the Liturgy: The Symbolism of Early Christian and Byzantine Bread Stamps. Madison, London.Grunbart, M. (2006) Byzantine Metal Stamps in a North American Private Collection”. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, vol.60, 13-24.Herodotus, The History of Herodotus (1890) at sacred-texts. com English translation: G. C. Macaulay, Macmillan, London and NY .Hubner, U. (1990) Ein byzantinischer Brotstempel aus Dibon. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina -Vereins, Bd 106, 177-179.Ibn Manzur (1999) Lisan Al- ‘Arab. vol. 5, Third Print, Dar Ehia Al-Tourath Al- Arabi, Beyrout .Liritzis Y. and Kovachena M. (1992) Evidence for sharp changes in the archaeomagnetic intensity variation during the last 2000 years. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 70, 85-89.Liritzis, I., Singhvi, A.K., Feathers, J.K., Wagner, G.A., Kadereit, A., Zacharias, N., and Li, S-H. (2013) Luminescence Dating in Archaeology, Anthropology and Geoarchaeology: An Overview. Springer Briefs in Earth System Sciences. (http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-00170-8.pdfNaumov, G. (2008) Imprints of the Neolithic mind-clay stamps from the Republic of Mac-edonia. Documenta Praehistorica XXXV, 185-204.Patrich, J. (2000) A Chapel of Saint Paul at Caesarea Maritima?. Liber Annuus (50): 363-382.Rahmani, L. (1970) A Eulogia Stamp from Gaza Region. Israel Exploration Journal (20), no.1-2, 105-108.Segni, Di. (2000) A Chapel of St. Paul at Caesarea Maritima? The Inscriptions. Liber Annuus (50): 383-400.Skeates, R. (2007) Neolithic Stamps: Cultural Patterns, Processes and Potencies. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, vol.17, 183-198.Stevens, A. ( 2001) Ariadne’s Clue: A Guide to the Symbols of Humankind. Princeton University Press .Tushingham, A.( 1972) The Excavations at Dibon (Dhiban) in Moab – The Third Campaign1952-53. Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research , (XL) : 68-72.Zorn, J., Yellin, J., Hayes, J., (1994) The m(w)sh stamp Impressions and the Neo-Babylonian Period, Israel Exploration Journal, vol. 44, no. 3-4,161-183.