Surface geophysical investigations and preliminary excavations at the Divrigi Citadel, Sivas (Turkey)

Part of : Mediterranean archaeology & archaeometry : international journal ; Vol.13, No.1, 2013, pages 117-126

Issue:
Pages:
117-126
Section Title:
Articles
Author:
Abstract:
A geophysical survey including magnetic and electromagnetic conductivity survey were made on the Divrigi Citadel in Sivas, Turkey. Eight areas were surveyed according to archaeologists’ suggestions for the initial geophysical research. Derivatives of the magnetic data provide well identified images. There were two circular anomalies with 7-7.5 m in diameter and probably a buried channel anomaly with 9 m length. A schematic image map was prepared for next excavation campaign and interpreted as snow wells for this area. ElectroMagnetic Conductivity Profiler Survey (EM-CPS) measurements were made on the some low intensity anomalies in two areas. In these measurements, conductivity and in-phase quantity values were recorded. There was a good correlation between magnetic anomalies and conductivity measurements. A conductive area (19-28 milliSiemens per meter, mSm-1) overlies the magnetic anomaly with low intensity. A trench is excavated and that excavation allowed us to reveal the geophysical survey results. Preliminary results show that the Divrigi Citadel could be used as the workshop area. Correlation of geophysical surveying and the excavation results show that the geophysical data and advanced processing methods are valuable tools to gather spatial information about individual buried archaeological objects.
Subject:
Subject (LC):
Keywords:
Divrigi citadel, magnetic, EM conductivity, Medieval age, Middle age archaeology, Anatolia
Notes:
Corresponding author: absarac@comu.edu.tr, The authors thank two anonymous reviewers who offered valuable comments on a previous draft of this paper. Authors thank to Municipality of Divriği and people in Divriği.
References (1):
  1. Arisoy, M.O., Kocak, O., Buyuksarac, A., and Bilim, F. (2007). Images of Buried Graves in Bayat, Afyon (Turkey) from High-resolution Magnetic Data and Their Comparison with Preliminary Excavations. Journal of Archaeological Science. 34, 1473–1484.Arpee, L. (1906). Armenian Paulicianism and the Key of Truth. The Armenian Journal of Theology. 10(2), 267-285.Beauchaine, A.J., Werdemann, E. (2006). Using Ground Conductivity as a Geophysical Survey Technique to Locate Potential Archaeological Sites in the Bad Axe River Valley of Western Wisconsin. UWL Journal of Undergraduate Research. IX, 1-6.Bevan, B. (1983). Electromagnetics for Mapping Buried Earth Features. Journal of Field Archaeology 10:47-54.Buyuksarac, A., Bilim, F., Ates, A., Bektas, O. (2006). Investigation of Magnetic Surveying Data of Buried Grave Jars in Harmanoren Necropolis (Turkey) using Linear Transformations and Analytic Signal. Journal of Archaeological Science, 33, 910–920.Buyuksarac, A., Arisoy, M.O., Bektas, O., Kocak, O., Cay, T. (2008). Determination of Grave Locations in Dedemezari Necropolis using Magnetic Field Derivatives. Archaeological Prospection. 15, 267-283.Calder, W.M. and Bean, G.E. (1958). A classical Map of Asia Minor. Scale – 1:2.000.000.Clay, R. B., (2001). Complementary Geophysical Survey Techniques: Why Two Ways are Always Better than One. Southeastern Archaeology 20(1):31.Dalan, R.A. (1995). Geophysical Surveys for Archaeological Research: Electromagnetic Surveys. Ms. on file, Interagency Archeological Services, National Park Service, Denver.Eken, G. (1993). Divrigi: Physical geography, Social and Economical respect. History Dept., Sciences Institute, unpublished PhD Thesis, Ankara (in Turkish with English abstract).Eser, E. (2007). Surface Investigation of Divrigi Citadel. 25th Meeting on exploration results, 28 May-01 June, Kocaeli 3: 189-204 (in Turkish).Garsoïan, N. (1971). Byzantine Heresy. A reinterpretation, Dumboarton Oaks Papers, 25: 85-113.Milea, C.M., Hansen, R.O., Tsokas, G.N., Papazachos, C.B., and Tsourlos, P.I. (2010). Complex Attributes of theMagnetic Signal for Multiple Sources: Application to Signals from Buried Ditches. Archaeological Prospection, 17, 89–101.Nabighian, M. N. (1972). The analytic signal of two-dimensional magnetic bodies with polygonal cross section: its properties and use for automated anomaly interpretation. Geophysics 37:507-517.Nabighian, M. N. (1974). Additional comments on the analytic signal of two-dimensional magnetic bodies with polygonal cross section. Geophysics 39: 507-517.Roest, W.R., Verhoef, J., Pilkington, M. (1992). Magnetic Interpretation using the 3-D Analytic Signal. Geophysics. 57, 116–125.Sakaoglu, N. (1971). Mengucekogullari in Anatolia, Istanbul (in Turkish).SCINTREX Limited (1996). Magnetic Applications Guide.Sumer, F. (1997). Menguceks, Islam Encyclopedia. 7, 713-718 (in Turkish).Tsokas, G.N. and Hansen, R.O. (2000). On the Use of Complex Attributes and the Inferred Source Parameter Estimates in the Exploration of Archaeological Sites. Archaeological Prospection, 7, 17–30.Turan, O. (1981). History of Turkish Civilizations in East Anatolia, Istanbul (in Turkish).