The mysterious coexistence of bloodstains and body image on the Shroud of Turin explained by a stochastic process

Part of : Mediterranean archaeology & archaeometry : international journal ; Vol.14, No.2, 2014, pages 55-65

Issue:
Pages:
55-65
Author:
Abstract:
The presence of bloodstains certifies that a wounded human body has been enveloped in the Shroud of Turin and that most parts of this corpse came in direct contact with the cloth during the burial procedure. On the contrary, the ventral body image, by correlation between image intensity and cloth-body distance, shows codified information regarding the distance from which the cloth was versus the body at the time of the image formation. At first sight, this last statement seems to be impossible for a human corpse. Therefore, the coexistence of the bloodstains and the body imprints on both sides of the Shroud could be seen as unnatural, especially when we consider that a deterministic process as the UV radiation or the action of an electrostatic field (corona discharge), as well as manmade chemical and thermal treatment. These processes do not explain all the known characteristics of the body images (ventral and dorsal) because they do not distinguish the fibrils that must be yellowed from the ones that must retain the background colour. In this paper we prove that a natural stochastic process can offer a rational and scientific explanation that can account for all the known properties of these bloodstains and body images. However, another possible explanation that must be taken into account is a natural process involving the production of oxygen that yields a latent image.
Subject:
Subject (LC):
Keywords:
Shroud of Turin, bloodstains characteristics, body image characteristics, stochastic process, fibrils
Notes:
Περιέχει 1 εικόνα.
References (1):
  1. Bucklin, R. (1982) The Shroud of Turin: A Patholigist’s Viewpoint. Legal Medicine Annual, 33- 39.Clement, Y. (2012) Concerning the question of the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin: don’t forget the evidence of the bloodstain! BSTS Newsletter, vol. 76, 32-56.Culliton,B. J.(1978) The mystery of the Shroud of Turin. Challenges 20th Century science. Science, vol. 201, pp. 235-239.Curciarello, F., De Leo, V., Fazio, G. and Mandaglio, G. (2012) The abrupt changes in the yellowed fibrils density in the Linen of Turin. Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, vol. 167, 224-228.Damon, P. E., Donahue, D. J., Gore, B. H., Hatheway, A. L., Jull, A. J. T., Linick, T. W., Sercel, P. J., Toolin, L. J., Bronk, C. R., Hall, E. T., Hedges, R. E. M., Housley, R., Law, I. A., Perry, C., Bonani, G., Trumbore, S., Woelfli, W., Ambers, J. C., Bowman, S. G. E., Leese, M. N., Tite, M.S. (1989) Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin. Nature, vol. 337, 611-615Di Lazzaro, P., Murra, D., Santoni, A., Fanti, G., Nichelatti, E. and Baldacchini. (2010) G., Deep ultraviolet radiation simulate the Turin Shroud image. Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, vol. 54, 040302-1-6.Di Lazzaro, P. (2011) Un approccio scientifico alla formazione dell’immagine della Sindone di Torino,http//www.uccronline.it/2011/10/30/un-approccio-scientifico-alla-formazione-dell%E2%80%99immagine-della-sindone-ii%C2%B0-parte/, 1-9 (in Italian).Di Lazzaro, P., Murra, D., Nichelatti, E., Santoni, A. and Baldacchini. G. (2012) Superficial and Shroud-like coloration of linen by short laser pulses in the vacuum ultraviolet. Applied Optics, vol. 51, 8567-8578.Fanti, G. (2010) Can a corona discharge explain the body image of the Turin Shroud? Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, vol. 54, 020508-1-11.Fanti, G. (2011) Hypotheses regarding the formation of the body image on the Turin Shroud. Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, vol. 55, 060507-1-14.Fazio, G. and Mandaglio, G. (2008) Does an I(z) correlation exist for the back-part of the Shroud body image? Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti, vol. LXXXVI, CIA0802005-1-5.Fazio, G. and Mandaglio, G. (2011) Stochastic distribution of the fibrils that yielded the Shroud of Turin body image. Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, vol. 166, 476-479.Fazio, G. and Mandaglio, G. (2012) Can a latent image explain the characteristic of the Shroud body Image? Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, vol. 167, 220-223.Garlaschelli, L. (2010) Life-size reproduction of the Shroud of Turin and its image. Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, vol.54, 040301-1-14.Heller, J.H. and Adler. A.D. (1981) A chemical investigation of the Shroud of Turin. Canadian Society Forensic Scientific Journal, vol. 14, 81-103.Humbert, T. (1977) The Sacred Shroud. Pocket Books, New York.Jackson, J.P., Jumper, E.J. and Ercoline, W.R. (1984) Correlation of image intensity of the Turin Shroud with the 3-D structure of a human body shape. Applied Optics, vol.23, 2244-2270.Jumper, E.J., Adler, A.D., Jackson, J.P., Pellicori, S.F., Heller, J.H. and Druzik, J.R. (1984) A comprehensive examination of the various stains and images on the Shroud of Turin. Archaeological Chemistry III, vol. 205, 447-476 (and references therein).Little, K. (1997). The formation of the Shroud’s body image. BSTS Newsletter , vol.46, https://www.shroud.com/pdfs/n46part7.pdf.Mills, A.A. (1995) Image formation on the Shroud of Turin. The reactive oxygen intermediates hypothesis. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, vol. 20, 319-326.Mottern, R.W., London, J.R. and Morris R.A. (1980) Radiographic examination of the Shroud of Turin. A preliminary report. Material Evaluation, vol. 38(12), 39-44.Pellicori, S.F. and Evans, M.S. (1981). The Shroud of Turin through the microscope. Archaeology. 34 (1), 34-43.Pliny the Elder (AD 77). Natural History. (Reprinted by Harward University Press, 1992, Latin text and English translation).Rogers, R. N. and Arnoldi, A. (2002) A., Scientific method applied to the Shroud of Turin. A review. http://www.shroud.com/pdfs/rogers2.pdf, 1-38.Rogers, R. N. and Arnoldi, A. (2003) The Shroud of Turin: an amino-carbonyl reaction (Maillard reaction) may explain the image formation. Melanoidins Publication of the European Communities, vol. 4, 106-113.Rogers, R.N. (2005) Studies on the radiocarbon sample from the shroud of turin. Thermocimica Acta, vol. 425, 189-194.Schwalbe, L.A. and Rogers, R.N. (1982) Physics and chemistry of the Shroud of Turin. A summary of the 1978 investigation. Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 135, 3-49.Tyrer, J. (1981) Looking at the Shroud of Turin as a textile. Textile Horizons. December, 20-23.Vignon, P. (1902) The Shroud of Christ, Paris. (Reprinted by University Books,1970, New Hyde Park, New York).Weaver, K.F. (1980) Science seeks to solve the mystery of the Shroud. National Geographic, vol. 157, 730-753.Wilson, I. (1977) The Shroud of Turin. Doubleday, New York.Zaccone, G.M. (1997) Sulle tracce della Sindone. Storia antica e recente. Elle Di Ci, Torino, (in Italian).