Vowel production and intelligibility in hearing-impaired speech : Evidence from Greek
Part of : Γλωσσολογία ; Vol.24, 2016, pages 75-92
Issue:
Pages:
75-92
Abstract:
Ομιλητές με προγλωσσική κώφωση (prelingual profound hearing impairment) κατακτούν το λόγο χωρίς επαρκή ακουστική ανατροφοδότηση. Κατά συνέπεια, πολλά χαρακτηριστικά της ομιλίας τους είτε αναπτύσσονται με καθυστέρηση, είτε εμφανίζουν διαταραχές που επηρεάζουν την καταληπτότητα του ομιλητή (speech intelligibility). Σκοπός του άρθρου είναι (1) να μετρήσει την καταληπτότητα της ομιλίας δέκα Ελλήνων ενηλίκων (πέντε ανδρών και πέντε γυναικών) με προγλωσσική κώφωση, που κάνουν χρήση κλασικών ακουστικών βαρηκοΐας και (2) να εξετάσει τη σχέση καταληπτότητας της ομιλίας και χαρακτηριστικών του φωνηεντικού συστήματος των ομιλητών (όπως διάρκεια, θέση στον ακουστικό χώρο και δειγματική μεταβλητότητα) σε σύγκριση με εκείνα μιας ομάδας ελέγχου πέντε Ελλήνων ομιλητών (δύο ανδρών και τριών γυναικών) με φυσιολογική ακοή. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας έδειξαν ότι το επίπεδο καταληπτότητας των ομιλητών/τριών με κώφωση κυμαινόταν από μέτριο έως πολύ υψηλό με εξαίρεση μια ομιλήτρια, που εμφάνιζε ακατάληπτη ομιλία. Η ακουστική ανάλυση αποκάλυψε μειωμένη φωνηεντική αντίθεση, αυξημένη ακουστική μεταβλητότητα και μεγαλύτερη φωνηεντική διάρκεια στην ομιλία των συμμετεχόντων με κώφωση. Επίσης διαφάνηκε ότι η σχέση βαθμού καταληπτότητας και μεγέθους του ακουστικού χώρου τείνει να είναι αντιστρόφως ανάλογη στην ομιλία των συμμετεχόντων με κώφωση, κυρίως λόγω του φαινομένου εμπροσθοποίησης του /u/. Παράγοντες όπως ακουστική μεταβλητότητα και φωνηεντική διάρκεια δεν φάνηκε να παρουσιάζουν σαφώς αντίστροφη σχέση με τον βαθμό καταληπτότητας. Καθώς η καταληπτότητα της ομιλίας επηρεάζει άμεσα την ποιότητα της επικοινωνίας του ομιλητή, η μέτρηση και η συσχέτισή της με χαρακτηριστικά του παραγόμενου λόγου μπορούν να βοηθήσουν στο σχεδιασμό κατάλληλων μέσων λογοθεραπευτικής παρέμβασης με απώτερο σκοπό τη βελτίωση της επικοινωνίας
Subject:
Subject (LC):
Keywords:
acoustics, hearing impairment, speech intelligibility, vowel space
Notes:
Includes appendix with part of intelligibility experiment
References (1):
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