73-94

• Benincasa, Luciana

H εργασία έχει δύο στόχους: (α) να προσεγγίσει το στερεότυπο του έθνους ως υπεργενίκευση και, επομένως, εμπόδιο στη διαπολιτισμική επικοινωνία, και (β) να προτείνει τρόπους «απόδρασης» από τη στερεότυπη σκέψη. Ο πρώτος στόχος επιχειρείται μέσα από τη σύγκριση μεταξύ δύο θεωριών για τα επίπεδα «προγραμματισμού» του ανθρώπινου νου: (α) τη θεωρία του Hofstede, και (β) ένα σχολικό στερεότυπο του ελληνικού έθνους, όπως περιγράφεται στη βιβλιογραφία. Και οι δύο αποτελούν θεωρίες για τα μοτίβα σκέψεων, συναισθημάτων και εν δυνάμει συμπεριφοράς μελών μίας εθνικής ομάδας. Η πρώτη θεωρία αξίζει τον προσδιορισμό «επιστημονική»: αρθρώνεται ρητά σε τρία επίπεδα: άτομο, ομάδα και ανθρώπινη φύση. Το σχολικό στερεότυπο του έθνους μπορεί να ιδωθεί ως δημώδης θεωρία, η οποία αποσκοπεί στη διαχείριση της καθημερινότητας και για αυτό δεν χρειάζεται π.χ. να είναι ρητά διατυπωμένη. Το στερεότυπο αυτό υποβλήθηκε σε θεματική ανάλυση. Η σύγκριση οδηγεί στο συμπέρασμα ότι το εθνικό στερεότυπο τείνει να καταργήσει τις γραμμές που, στο σχήμα του Hofstede, διαχωρίζουν τα επίπεδα μεταξύ τους. Το στερεότυπο αποτελεί μία υπεργενίκευση και, ως τέτοιο, θεωρείται εμπόδιο στην επιτυχή διαπολιτισμική επικοινωνία. Υποστηρίζεται η ανάγκη για κριτική αυτο-εξέταση, ώστε να αποκτήσουμε επίγνωση των στερεοτύπων μας. Προς τον σκοπό αυτό, αναφέρονται μερικές «τεχνικές», καθώς και μία σύντομη επισκόπηση της σχετικής βιβλιογραφίας.

• Educational sciences

• Εκπαίδευση

Γενικεύσεις, εθνικά στερεότυπα, ελληνικό έθνος, Hofstede, λογισμικό του νου, διαπολιτισμική επικοινωνία, Generalizations, national stereotypes, greek nation, mental programming, intercultural communication

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