Το πρόβλημα της αληθείας εις τον Πλάτωνα και ο Μ. Heidegger
Part of : Πλάτων : περιοδικό της Εταιρείας Ελλήνων Φιλολόγων ; Vol.ΚΖ, No.53-54, 1975, pages 109-119
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109-119
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M. Heidergger, in his study «Piatons Lehre von der Wahrheit» (Bern 1952), is bringing back to us the problem of Truth as Plato has seen it. He maintains that Plato is responsible for the turn of Truth from an ontological and metaphysical, to a typical and logical όρθότης. This mistake hangs heavily on the route of thought from Plato, to Descartes and Nietzsche. That is why, he says, we must return to the primary meaning of Truth, as it emerges from oblivion. He also maintains that Plato places Truth on a secondary position to the Idea (ιδέα), and that the interpretation of the Being (είναι) is theological. We know that Plato certainly classifies Truth on a metaphysical and typieal όρθότης, but he does not place it after the idea of Good (αγαθόν). The idea of Good is one of the many Ideas in Plato's writings ; that is, a characteristic example and not a creative cause. The position of this idea in «The Republic» is certainly peculiar, and creates many problems. It is always a matter of interpretation. Since the idea of Good is giving strength to knowledge, and is also the cause for the Good and the Right, and gives the Truth as we can see in «The Republic», then we must accept that it identifies itself with the supermundane wisdom, mith the Creator. But Plato clearly differentiates the Idea from God, whom he considers as «νουν» (intellect) as we can see in «Philebos», and as Creator in «Tiameus». In «The Republic» the idea of Good has the meaning of the highest moral principal, to which the citizens have to adjust their lives. The theological interpretation was invented later. It is not Plato's.
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